|
The ideology of Hezbollah has been summarized as Shiite radicalism.〔Barak, Oren. "Hizballah". ''The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East''. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. p. 350.〕〔Rosenthal, Donna. ''The Israelis: Ordinary People in an Extraordinary Land''. New York: Free Press, 2003. p. 15.〕〔Collier, Robert. ("Everyone casting suspicious eye on Iraq's Hezbollah". ) ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 29 December 2003. 14 March 2008.〕 Hezbollah was largely formed with the aid of the Ayatollah Khomeini's followers in the early 1980s in order to spread Islamic revolution and follows a distinct version of Islamic Shi'a ideology (''Valiyat al-faqih'' or Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists) developed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the "Islamic Revolution" in Iran. ==Manifesto== Hezbollah declared its existence on 16 February 1985 in "The Hizballah Program". This document was read by spokesman Sheikh Ibrahim al-Amin at the al-Ouzai Mosque in west Beirut and simultaneously published in al-Safir as "The Hizballah Program, an open letter to all the Oppressed in Lebanon and the World", and a separate pamphlet that was first published in full in English in 1987.〔See the appendix in A. R. Norton's Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon University of Texas Press, 1987〕 According to "The Hizballah Program" the principles of its ideology are:〔(An open letter, The Hizballah program ).〕
It listed the Ayatollah Khomeini as the leader whose "orders we obey"; called on Christians to "open your hearts to our call" and "embrace Islam" and noted that "Allah has ... made it intolerable for Muslims to participate in ... a regime which is not predicated upon ... the Sharia"; explained that Israel is "the vanguard of the United States in our Islamic world".〔 More broadly, current leader Sheikh Nasserallah has described Hizb'Allah's ideology as having "two main axis: firstly, a belief in the rule by the just jurisconsult and adherence to Khomeini's leadership; and secondly, the continued need to struggle against the Israeli enemy".〔''Ettela'at'', 13 February 1993. In Ranstorp, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', (1997), p. 48.〕 In the early 1990s, Hezbollah underwent what a number of observers have called a process of "Lebanonization", which is reflected in acceptance of a multi-confessional Lebanon, rapprochement with a variety of non-Islamist forces, participation in electoral politics, and an emphasis on providing for the social welfare of its Shi'a Lebanese constituency.〔Graham Usher, "Hizballah, Syria, and the Lebanese Elections", ''Journal of Palestine Studies'', Vol. 26, No. 2. (Winter, 1997), pp. 59–67.〕 This tendency was expressed in religious as well as strategic terms: Since then, Hizbullah published a new manifesto on 1 December 2009, which shifts its direction to better stay coherent with the current situation in their community. This new manifesto contains language that downplays the Islamic rhetoric and focuses more on integration into their community. Furthermore, the new manifesto calls for the elimination of the sectarian system in place right now in Lebanon and calls for replacement of this system by a secular modern system. However, the new manifesto states that the US and Israel are still Hizb'Allah's prime enemies. Moreover, it eliminates the possibility of open discussion on its right to bear arms. It pursues this agenda with the assistance of various like-minded Allies in the region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ideology of Hezbollah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|